In the current scenario, agriculture has become increasingly high-tech, and this industry is emerging as one of the leaders in using a variety of technologies to increase profit margins and yield. Modern farming techniques with the use of technology provide farmers insides on animal health as well as soil condition for crops with the help of smart sensors which help them to make the right decisions. These semiconductor sensors provide farmers most advanced, robust, and energy-efficient systems that help in monitoring the health, welfare, and reproductive cycle, resulting in early detection of issues and reduction in costs. Today, sensors play a very important role in modern agriculture. Below are a few of the used cases for IoT Smart Agricultural sensors:
- Agricultural weather stations
- Autonomous irrigation
- Field equipment monitoring
- Greenhouse automation
- Livestock monitoring
- Pest control
- Precision farming
- Soil monitoring
- Water management
In today’s world, semiconductors have found their way into smart agricultural and precision agriculture helping farmers make the right decisions on soil moisture, temperature, crop growth patterns, and pest infestations with real-time data from the sensors, detectors, etc.
Fig.1. The Development Roadmap of the Revolution of Agriculture 1.0 to 4.0
Below are the few applications or devices used in smart agriculture that need a vast amount of semiconductor usage:
Precision Farming or Smart Farming: According to Verified Market Research’s study on the Smart Agriculture Market, the market is poised to reach USD 35.23 Billion by 2030. Precision farming, also known as smart agriculture/farming, is an advanced agricultural approach that utilizes technology and data analysis to optimize various agricultural practices. It involves the use of various applications and devices that rely on semiconductor technology to enable efficient and automated farming processes. Here are some examples:
- Sensors: Precision farming heavily relies on sensors to monitor and collect real-time data about soil conditions, environmental factors, crop health, and livestock. These sensors, such as soil moisture sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and nutrient sensors, utilize semiconductors to convert physical signals into electrical signals for processing and analysis.
- Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or Drones: Drones equipped with cameras and sensors are used in precision farming to obtain aerial imagery, assess crop health, detect pests and diseases, and monitor irrigation systems. Semiconductors power the flight control systems, cameras, and data processing capabilities of these drones.
- Internet of Things (IoT) Devices: IoT devices, such as weather stations, irrigation controllers, and livestock monitoring systems, are essential in precision farming. These devices incorporate semiconductors to connect to the internet, collect data, and enable remote monitoring and control of farming operations.
- Automated Farming Equipment: Precision farming involves the use of autonomous or semi-autonomous machinery, such as robotic harvesters, self-driving tractors, and automated irrigation systems. These devices rely on semiconductor-based technologies, including sensors, actuators, and control systems, to perform tasks with precision and efficiency.
- Data Analytics and Decision Support Systems: To process and analyze the vast amount of data generated in precision farming, powerful computing systems are required. Semiconductor-based processors and memory devices are integral components of data analytics platforms and decision support systems used in agriculture. These systems help farmers make informed decisions based on data insights.
Fig.2. Funding provided by USDA and NSF for precision agriculture research and development, fiscal years 2017—2021
Below are a few of the components and applications of smart farming that connect agriculture with the semiconductor industry
- Agricultural Drones:
- Livestock Monitoring – IoT-based sensors help farmers collect precise information related to location, real-time data, and the health of their cattle. This helps in identifying the condition of livestock, and finding sick animals so that disease cannot spread to entire cattle. This helps in bringing down the labor cost by a substantial amount.
- Smart Greenhouse – This farming is a technique that enhances the yield of crops, fruits, vegetables, etc. Greenhouses manage environmental parameters in two ways; either through manual or a proportional control mechanism. However, since manual intervention has disadvantages such as production loss, energy loss, and labor cost, these methods are less effective. Different sensors that measure the environmental parameters according to the plant requirement are used for controlling the environment in a smart greenhouse. So, a cloud server is created for remotely accessing the system when it connects using an IoT smart agriculture solution. The different types of sensors used in the IoT system of Greenhouse provide information about temperature, humidity, pressure, light levels, etc. For Instance, Greenhouses is an Agri-Tech greenhouse organization that uses technologies and IoT to provide services. It builds modern and affordable greenhouses by using IoT sensors that are solar-powered. The greenhouse state and water consumption can be supervised with these sensors by sending SMS alerts to the farmer with an online portal.
- Smart Collars – Smart collars are wearable devices equipped with various sensors and communication capabilities, making them valuable tools in livestock management. These collars utilize semiconductor technologies to collect and transmit data about the animals, enabling farmers to monitor their health, behavior, and location. Some key features and applications of smart collars include:
- Health monitoring: Smart collars can incorporate sensors to measure vital signs such as heart rate, body temperature, and respiratory rate in livestock. This information helps farmers identify early signs of illness or stress and take appropriate action.
- Location tracking: By utilizing GPS or other positioning technologies, smart collars allow farmers to track the location of their livestock in real time. This feature aids in managing grazing areas, preventing theft, and quickly locating animals during emergencies.
- Behavior analysis: Sensors in smart collars can monitor the activity levels and behavior patterns of animals. This data can provide insights into feeding patterns, reproductive cycles, and overall well-being, assisting farmers in making informed decisions about animal management.
- Smart Crop Sensors- Smart crop sensors are semiconductor-based devices that measure various parameters related to crop health and environmental conditions. These sensors are typically deployed in fields at multiple locations to collect data for analysis and decision-making. Here are a few applications of smart crop sensors:
- Soil moisture monitoring: Smart sensors can measure soil moisture levels at different depths in the field. This data helps farmers optimize irrigation practices, ensuring that crops receive the right amount of water while reducing water waste.
- Nutrient management: By analyzing soil nutrient levels, smart crop sensors enable farmers to apply fertilizers more precisely. This targeted approach enhances nutrient uptake by crops, reduces fertilizer usage, and minimizes environmental impact.
- Disease detection: Smart sensors can detect early signs of crop diseases by monitoring parameters such as leaf temperature, humidity, and plant stress indicators. This allows farmers to take timely action, such as applying appropriate treatments or adjusting irrigation strategies.
- IR Sensing- Infrared (IR) sensing is a valuable technology in precision agriculture, enabling non-contact measurement of various parameters. Some applications of IR sensing in agriculture include:
- Crop health assessment: IR sensors can measure the thermal signature of plants, providing insights into their health and stress levels. By analyzing the temperature distribution across a field, farmers can identify areas with potential issues, such as water stress or disease outbreaks.
- Water stress detection: IR sensors can detect water stress in crops by measuring the temperature of leaves. Plants experiencing water stress tend to have higher leaf temperatures. This information helps farmers optimize irrigation practices and conserve water.
- Yield prediction: IR sensing can be utilized to estimate crop yield by analyzing factors such as leaf area and chlorophyll content. This data assists farmers in making informed decisions regarding harvest planning, storage, and marketing.
The smart collars and smart crop sensors, along with the application of IR sensing, are examples of semiconductor innovations that contribute to precision farming. These technologies enable farmers to monitor livestock health, track animal location, optimize crop management, and make data-driven decisions for improved productivity and sustainability in agriculture.
Semiconductor innovations have been making a significant impact on the agriculture market, revolutionizing various aspects of farming and improving efficiency, productivity, and sustainability.
Below are three key semiconductor innovations in agriculture: AI, design packaging, and MEMs (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems).
- AI (Artificial Intelligence): AI plays a crucial role in transforming agriculture by enabling advanced data analytics, automation, and decision-making. Semiconductor technologies power the AI algorithms and computational capabilities required for various agricultural applications. For example:
- Crop monitoring and yield optimization: AI algorithms analyze data collected from sensors, drones, and satellite imagery to monitor crop health, detect diseases, predict yield, and optimize irrigation and fertilizer usage.
- Robotic farming: AI-powered robots equipped with computer vision systems and machine learning algorithms can perform tasks like planting, harvesting, and weeding with precision and efficiency. These robots can autonomously navigate fields, identify and remove weeds, and harvest crops.
- Designs Packaging: Semiconductor packaging is an essential aspect of agricultural applications as it ensures the reliability, durability, and protection of electronic components. Effective packaging enables sensors and other semiconductor devices to withstand harsh environmental conditions prevalent in agriculture. For instance:
- Environmental sensors: Semiconductor devices with specialized packaging can be deployed as environmental sensors to monitor soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and other parameters. These sensors can withstand exposure to moisture, dirt, and extreme temperatures while providing accurate and reliable data.
- Livestock monitoring: Electronic devices embedded in wearable tags or implants for livestock monitoring require robust packaging to withstand the physical stress and harsh conditions of the animals’ environment. Such packaging ensures the longevity and functionality of the devices.
- Irrigation control systems: Semiconductor devices used in irrigation control systems need to be protected from water, dust, and other contaminants. Proper packaging ensures that the devices remain operational over an extended period, even in challenging agricultural environments.
- MEMs (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems): MEMs are semiconductor-based devices that combine mechanical and electrical components on a microscopic scale. They have various applications in agriculture, including:
- Precision farming: MEMs-based sensors can be used to measure parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, and light intensity. These sensors are small, low-cost, and can be deployed in large numbers across fields to provide detailed and accurate data for precision farming practices.
- Pest control: MEM devices can be utilized in insect monitoring systems to detect the presence of pests in traps. By integrating MEM sensors with wireless communication, real-time data can be collected and used to make informed decisions regarding pest control measures.
- Animal tracking: MEMs-based tracking devices, such as accelerometers and GPS modules, can be used to monitor the movement and behavior of livestock. This information helps farmers optimize grazing patterns, identify potential health issues, and enhance overall animal management.
Several companies are actively working on semiconductor innovations in the agriculture market. Here are a few examples:
- Semios: Semios is a company that specializes in precision agriculture and offers a range of solutions for pest management and crop monitoring. Their smart agriculture platform utilizes wireless sensors, data analytics, and AI algorithms to provide real-time insights into crop health, pest activity, and environmental conditions. By integrating advanced semiconductor technologies, Semios helps farmers optimize pest control strategies and improve crop yields.
- CropX: CropX develops soil sensing technologies that utilize advanced semiconductor-based sensors and data analytics. Their soil moisture sensors, combined with a cloud-based platform and AI algorithms, enable farmers to monitor and manage irrigation more effectively. By providing precise information about soil moisture levels and water distribution, CropX helps farmers optimize water usage, reduce water waste, and improve crop productivity.
- MicaSense: MicaSense specializes in multispectral imaging solutions for agriculture. Their sensors, which incorporate semiconductor technologies, capture high-resolution images in multiple spectral bands, including infrared. These images provide valuable insights into crop health, stress levels, and nutrient deficiencies. By analyzing this data, farmers can make informed decisions regarding irrigation, fertilization, and pest management. MicaSense’s solutions contribute to precision agriculture and help optimize crop yields.
- Blue River Technology (John Deere): Blue River Technology, now a part of John Deere, focuses on developing robotic solutions for precision agriculture. Their flagship product, the See & Spray system, uses computer vision, AI algorithms, and semiconductor technologies to identify and precisely target weeds in fields. By selectively applying herbicides only where needed, the system reduces chemical usage and minimizes environmental impact. Blue River Technology’s innovations exemplify the integration of semiconductors with advanced robotics for precise and sustainable farming practices.
Moreover, the application of semiconductors in automated farming equipment, such as robotic harvesters and self-driving tractors, has enhanced precision and productivity in the field. These devices leverage semiconductor-based sensors, actuators, and control systems to perform tasks with accuracy and consistency, reducing human error and labor requirements.
The semiconductor innovations have revolutionized the agriculture market by enabling precision farming or smart farming practices. The integration of semiconductors in various applications and devices has empowered farmers with real-time data, automation capabilities, and data-driven decision-making.
As the agriculture industry continues to evolve, semiconductor advancements will continue to drive innovation, efficiency, and sustainability in farming practices.
